Opioids can ___?___ the systemic toxicity of local anesthetics
increase
decrease
The ester local anesthetics are metabolized primarily in the:
Plasma
Lungs
Liver
Kidney
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Which statement best describes the mechalism of action of local anesthetics on the nerve axon?
Decreases sodium uptake through sodium chamels ofthe axon
Increases potassium outflow from inside to outside the nerve
Increases the membrane's permeability to sodium
Increases the excitability of the nerve axon
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Which form of a local anesthetic can readily penetrate tissue membranes?
Nonionized free-base form
Ionized form
Both ionized and nonionized free-base forms
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Local anesthctics have no effects on potassium at the nerve axon.
True
False
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Small. nonmyelinated nerve fibers, which conduct pain and temperature sensations, arc affected
first
last
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Order of sensation loss from local anesthetics: 1. skeletal muscle tone (motor) 2. touch 3. pain 4. proprioception (pressure) 5. temperature
3-5-2-4-1
3-4-5-2-1
3-5-1-2-4
5-3-2-1-4
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