Phentolamine rnesylate (OraVerse) is an

beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker.

beta2-adrenergic receptor blocker.

alpha2-adrenergic receptor blocker.

alpha1-adrenergic receptor blocker.

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OraVerse (solution for injection/dental cartridge) is administered as a

intramuscular injection

intravenous injection

submucosal injection

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OraVerse dose is based upon

concentration of local anesthetic

age

weight

the number of cartridges of local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor administered.

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Phentolamine mesylate (OraVerse) is a drug used to reverse soft tissue anesthesia and the associated functional deficits resulting from a local dental anesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor. Which statement best describes its mechansim of action?

Causes vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow in injection area

Prevents the efflux of sodium out of the neuron

Prevents the influx of sodium into the neuron by blocking neuronal channels

Causes vasodilation and increased blood flow in iniection area

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When phetolamine mesylate (OraVerse) is given after a dental procedure to reverse the local anesthetic effects, approximately how fast is the return to normal nerve sensation compared to the normal time for the anesthetic to wear off?

80% decrease in the time for normal sensation to return

25% decrease in the time for normal sensation to return

10% decrease in the time for normal sensation to return

50% decrease in the time for normal sensation to return

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Articaine is contraindicated in patients with 1. hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the amide type 2. hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of the ester type 3. hypersensitivity to sodium bisulfite.

2 only

1 only

2 and 3

1 and 3

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___?___ has Iess of a vasodilator effect compared to the others and, therefore, is the drug chosen when a vasoconstrictor is not used with the local anesthetic.

Articaine

Bupivacaine

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine

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___?___ prevents the oxidation (deterioration) ofthe epinephrine vasoconstrictor in those commercial preparations containing epinephrine

plasma

vasoconstricor

Lidocaine

Water

Sodium metabisullite

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Which component of a lidocaine local anesthetic solution causes an allergy?

Epinephrine (vasoconstrictor)

Lidocaine

Water

Bisulfites

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Prolonged exposure (e.g., more than 24 hours) to Nitrous oxide causes

prolonged euphoria

COPD

heart failure

depression of CNS

bone marrow depression

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Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in patients: 1. Head injury 2. With bowel obstruction 3. Pneumothorax 4. Middle ear and sinus disease 5. With upper respiratory infections 6. COPD (emphysema or bronchitis) 7. In the first trimester of pregnancy 8. With whom communication is difficult (i.e., autistic patients) 9. Having a contagious disease since it is difficult to sterilize entire tubes

Nitrous oxide has no contraindications

1,3,4,5,6,7,9

1,3,4,5,6,7

1 - 8

All of the above

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Etomidate (Amidate) is used for

Inhalation general anesthesia

Inrtavenous general anesthesia

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Ketamine (Ketalar) is used for

Inhalation general anesthesia

Inrtavenous general anesthesia

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Propofol (Diprivan) is used for

Inhalation general anesthesia

Inrtavenous general anesthesia

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Etomidate (Amidate)

is considcrcd a dissociative anesthetic

a short-acting hypnotic agent; vasodilator

is a carboxylated imidazole derivative which acts similar to the ultrashortacting barbituratcs.

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Ketamine (Ketalar)

is a carboxylated imidazole derivative which acts similar to the ultrashortacting barbituratcs.

a short-acting hypnotic agent; vasodilator

is considcrcd a dissociative anesthetic

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Propofol (Diprivan)

is a carboxylated imidazole derivative which acts similar to the ultrashortacting barbituratcs.

is considcrcd a dissociative anesthetic

a short-acting hypnotic agent; vasodilator

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Neuroleptic-opioid combinations which are called neuroroleptanalgesics combine fentanyl (opyoid) and droperidol (a phenothiazine) is used for

Inhalation general anesthesia

Inrtavenous general anesthesia

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