Violation

Which local anesthetic should be used to achieve the longest pain relief for a patient requiring the surgical extraction of tooth 3.8?

Bupivacaine 0.5%, with epinephrine 1:200,000.

Articaine 4%, with epinephrine 1:100,000.

Lidocaine 2%, with epinephrine 1:100,000.

Mepivacaine 3% plain

Please describe the matter of abuse