Epinephrine (vasoconstrictor) is included in local anesthetics for the following reasons:
1. It prolongs the duration of action
2. It reduces toxicity
3. It reduces the rate of vascular absorption
4. lt provides a hemostatic effect to reduce bleeding at injection site

• Correct answer

  All of the above

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 4

• 1,2,3

• 1 and 4